Most of us have misplaced our keys, forgotten a name or walked into a room and forgotten why we went there, says Nadine Radford, Ron Smith Care Centre’s social worker.
“While occasional forgetfulness is a normal part of ageing, persistent changes in memory, thinking and daily functioning may be signs of dementia, a condition clinically referred to as a neurocognitive disorder,” she says.
Neurocognitive disorder is not a normal part of ageing. It is a condition caused by diseases that affect the brain, resulting in a decline in memory, reasoning, communication, judgement and everyday functioning. Nadine explains that Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, although there are several other types, including vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and frontotemporal dementia.
Symptoms can vary from person to person but often include changes in memory, confusion, difficulty finding words, changes in mood or behaviour, impaired judgement and challenges in completing familiar tasks. “These changes usually occur gradually and become more noticeable over time,” she explains.
Early diagnosis is key
One of the most important messages for families is not to delay assessment. Too often, the early signs of dementia are dismissed as ‘just old age’, resulting in delays in seeking professional help.
“An early diagnosis allows individuals and their families to better understand the condition, access appropriate medical care and support and make informed decisions about the future. It also gives the person living with dementia an opportunity to actively participate in discussions about their wishes, preferences and future care while they are still able to do so,” she says.
Seeking help early can reduce uncertainty, improve planning and provide access to resources and support services that can significantly improve quality of life for both the individual and their family.
Planning for the future
Nadine says that receiving a diagnosis of dementia can be overwhelming, but planning can make the journey more manageable for everyone involved. Early planning allows individuals and their families to make important decisions together while the person living with dementia is still able to communicate their wishes and preferences. Discussions around future care needs, living arrangements, medical treatment, financial planning and legal matters such as wills and powers of attorney can help reduce stress and uncertainty later on, she advises.
“Planning also allows families to explore support services and care options before a crisis occurs, ensuring that decisions are made thoughtfully rather than under pressure. While these conversations are often difficult, they provide families with peace of mind and help ensure that the individual’s wishes remain central to future care decisions.”
Understanding and managing behavioural changes
One of the most challenging aspects of dementia for families is learning how to respond to behavioural and emotional changes. As dementia progresses, a person’s ability to reason, process information and remember events becomes impaired. This means that what may seem logical to us may no longer make sense to them.
It is important to avoid arguing or trying to convince a person that they are wrong, advises Nadine. “Rather than focusing on correcting facts or memories, focus on the emotions behind what they are saying. Offering reassurance is often far more effective than trying to reason with them.”
When a loved one refuses to bathe, take medication, get dressed or participate in an activity, she says it is often best not to force the issue. Instead, step away, allow some time to pass and try again later. A different approach, a different caregiver or simply a change in mood can often lead to a more positive outcome.
“Many families also find it difficult when a loved one repeatedly tells the same stories or asks the same questions. Although it can be frustrating, these stories often provide comfort and familiarity. Rather than pointing out that they have already told the story, try remaining present in the conversation. Ask questions about their memories, encourage them to share more about their past and use these moments as opportunities for meaningful connection,” she suggests.
Distraction can also be a powerful tool. When a person becomes fixated on a particular concern, event or worry, redirecting their attention to another activity, topic of conversation, photographs, music or a familiar task can often help reduce distress and anxiety.
“Above all, remember that behaviour is often a form of communication. By responding with patience, empathy and understanding, families can help create a calmer and more supportive environment for their loved one.
Tips for caregivers
Caring for a loved one living with dementia is often a journey filled with love, compassion and commitment. However, it can also bring emotional, physical and practical challenges, says Nadine. Family caregivers frequently find themselves navigating changes in communication, behaviour and levels of independence while trying to balance their own responsibilities and well-being.
Families need to remember that seeking support is not a sign of failure – it is an essential part of providing sustainable care. Education, support groups, respite opportunities and professional guidance can all play an important role in helping families navigate the dementia journey.
At Ron Smith Care Centre (RSCC), the team understands that every person living with dementia has a unique story, history and set of needs. “Through our dedicated River Lodge 3 Memory Care Wing, we provide specialised care for residents living with advanced dementia within a safe, supportive and homely environment,” says Nadine.
“Our approach is rooted in person-centred care, meaning that we focus on the individual rather than the diagnosis. We strive to preserve dignity, promote independence where possible, and ensure that each resident feels valued, respected and understood.”
Routine, familiarity and meaningful engagement play a vital role in supporting individuals living with dementia. That is why RSCC’s structured daily routines, dedicated staff, therapeutic activities and nurturing environment help reduce anxiety and confusion while promoting a sense of comfort, belonging and security. Residents are encouraged to participate in meaningful activities, maintain social connections and continue engaging in aspects of life that bring them joy and purpose.
“Most importantly, we recognise that families remain an essential part of their loved one’s life and care journey. We work closely with families to provide support, guidance, education and reassurance as needs change over time.
“Dementia may change many aspects of life, but it does not change a person’s value, dignity or need for meaningful relationships. With early diagnosis, thoughtful planning and the right support, individuals living with dementia can continue to experience moments of joy and connection.
“At RSCC, we are privileged to walk alongside residents and their families on this journey. Through compassion, understanding and a person-centred approach, we strive to create an environment where every individual feels safe, respected and cared for,” she says.
If you are concerned about a loved one’s memory or cognitive changes, do not wait to seek professional advice. Early intervention and planning can make a significant difference to both the individual and their family.
For more information about dementia care and support services at RSCC, phone 011 882 6296 or 010 534 6595. Alternatively, send an email to ubeukman@randaid.co.za or lbessinger@randaid.co.za.
